[Biology Form 4] Organelles And Its Function

RIBOSOME

Function: A site for the synthesis of proteins

Atomic structure of the 50S Subunit from Haloarcula marismortui. Proteins are shown in blue and the two RNA strands in orange and yellow. The small patch of green in the center of the subunit is the active site.














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MITOCHONDRION
Function: A site for cellular respiration and the synthesis of ATP

Simplified structure of mitochondrion

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CHLOROPLAST
Function: Enables the plant cell to carry out photosynthesis









Chloroplast ultrastructure:
1. outer membrane
2. intermembrane space
3. inner membrane (1+2+3: envelope)
4. stroma (aqueous fluid)
5. thylakoid lumen (inside of thylakoid)
6. thylakoid membrane
7. granum (stack of thylakoids)
8. thylakoid (lamella)
9. starch
10. ribosome
11. plastidial DNA
12. plastoglobule (drop of lipids)


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CENTRIOLES
Function: Help to form spindle fibres during cell division








3-dimensional view of a centriole


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SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Function: A site for synthesis of lipids and steroids


GOLGI BODY
Function: Processes, packages and transport carbohydrates, proteins and phospholipids


Diagram of secretory process from endoplasmic reticulum (orange) to Golgi apparatus (pink). Please click for full labels. Secretory pathway diagram, including nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus. 1. Nuclear membrane 2. Nuclear pore 3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) 4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) 5. Ribosome attached to rER 6. Macromolecules 7. Transport vesicles 8. Golgi apparatus 9. Cis face of Golgi apparatus 10. Trans face of Golgi apparatus 11. Cisternae of Golgi apparatus